National Repository of Grey Literature 9 records found  Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Face masks and respirators as protection against viruses and bacteria
Varga, Michal ; Mišík, Ondrej (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
Pandemic caused by virus SARS-CoV-2 brought high attention to face masks and raised some questions about their filtration efficiency and performance affecting parameters such as high humidity, long term usage, fit factor, or possible decontamination methods for usage prolonging. In this thesis, mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and structure and materials of face masks are firstly discussed. Then mechanisms of particle deposition on filter fibers are described. Subsequently standards of surgical masks, cloth masks and respirators are described and compared, with detail on carbon dioxide concentration under respirator. Nanoparticles and their possible effects on enhancing face mask parameters are briefly characterized. Then filtration efficiency and affecting parameters are evaluated. And finally possible decontamination methods for face masks reusability are summarized.
Ultrafine particles filtration efficiency of commonly available materials
Kudláčová, Martina ; Köbölová, Klaudia (referee) ; Sitek, Tomáš (advisor)
In connection with the outbreak of the COVID19 pandemic, there has been a global shortage of personal respiratory protective equipment against ultrafine particles. The citizens were forced to reach for the alternatives and use homemade cloth masks for personal protection. The efficiency of the protection provided by a cloth mask is related to the selection of a suitable material for its production. This thesis contains basic knowledge in the field of aerosol theory, transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID19 disease and filtration of aerosol particles containing the virus. Based on the theoretical knowledge from the first part, an experimental measurement is performer determining the efficiency of filtration and pressure loss of selected commonly available materials. Based on the results comparison, the most suitable materials for the homemade masks production are selected.
Application of Polymeric Hollow-Fiber Membranes in Air Filtration
Bulejko, Pavel ; Dohnal, Mirko (referee) ; Friess, Karel (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
Membrány z dutých vláken jsou široce využívány v aplikacích týkajících se úpravy kapalin jako např. při čištění odpadních vod, v membránových kontaktorech a bioreaktorech, membránové destilaci apod. I když jsou často využívány při separacích směsí plynů, je jejich použití pro mechanickou filtraci aerosolů velmi vzácné. Tato práce se zabývá filtrací vzduchu pomocí polypropylenových membrán z dutých vláken včetně jejich filtrační účinnosti, tlakových ztrát a také zanášením při dlouhodobé filtraci. Filtrační účinnost byla proměřena za použití různých aerosolů jako TiO2 a síran amonný. Tlakové ztráty byly měřeny při různých konfiguracích, tj. různé filtrační ploše a průměru vlákna membrány. Zanášení membrán bylo testováno použitím normovaného prachu definovaného normou ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2. Predikční modely pro filtrační účinnost a permeabilitu/tlakovou ztrátu membrány byly aplikovány na parametry membrán z dutých vláken a porovnány. Tyto membrány mají velikost pórů kolem 90 nm a poměrně nízkou porositu a tím vysoký potenciál pro separaci nanočástic ze vzduchu. Dále byla provedena analýza filtračního koláče a vyhodnocení energetických nároků a porovnány s teoretickými modely. V závěru práce je nastíněn odhad ceny životního cyklu při filtraci pomocí těchto membrán.
The Story of Teamwork and the Birth of the FFP* (Filter Backpack)
Fraenkl, M. ; Krbal, M. ; Houdek, J. ; Zmrhalová, Z. ; Prokeš, B. ; Hejda, P. ; Slang, S. ; Přikryl, J. ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Makeš, Otakar ; Kostyk, Juraj ; Nasadil, P. ; Malčík, P. ; Ždímal, Vladimír ; Vlček, M.
Soon after the outbreak of the coronavirus crisis in the Czech Republic and the first lockdown (2020), we enthusiastically decided to fight the coronavirus with scientific \nmeans. Originally materials engineers, we decided to develop an effective protective respiratory device, which was in short supply at the time. We soon found out, that every textile material (handkerchief 10%) has a certain ability to catch an aerosol particle carrying the corona virus, the slower the aerosol particle (d<300 nm) passes through the filter, the greater the chance it has of being caught, with the thickness of the filter, the amount of passed particles decreases exponentially and breathing resistance increases linearly. On this basis, we decided to experiment with a large-area filter placed on the user's back (it wouldn't fit anywhere else) and commercially available textile filter material.
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Face masks and respirators as protection against viruses and bacteria
Varga, Michal ; Mišík, Ondrej (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
Pandemic caused by virus SARS-CoV-2 brought high attention to face masks and raised some questions about their filtration efficiency and performance affecting parameters such as high humidity, long term usage, fit factor, or possible decontamination methods for usage prolonging. In this thesis, mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and structure and materials of face masks are firstly discussed. Then mechanisms of particle deposition on filter fibers are described. Subsequently standards of surgical masks, cloth masks and respirators are described and compared, with detail on carbon dioxide concentration under respirator. Nanoparticles and their possible effects on enhancing face mask parameters are briefly characterized. Then filtration efficiency and affecting parameters are evaluated. And finally possible decontamination methods for face masks reusability are summarized.
Ultrafine particles filtration efficiency of commonly available materials
Kudláčová, Martina ; Köbölová, Klaudia (referee) ; Sitek, Tomáš (advisor)
In connection with the outbreak of the COVID19 pandemic, there has been a global shortage of personal respiratory protective equipment against ultrafine particles. The citizens were forced to reach for the alternatives and use homemade cloth masks for personal protection. The efficiency of the protection provided by a cloth mask is related to the selection of a suitable material for its production. This thesis contains basic knowledge in the field of aerosol theory, transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID19 disease and filtration of aerosol particles containing the virus. Based on the theoretical knowledge from the first part, an experimental measurement is performer determining the efficiency of filtration and pressure loss of selected commonly available materials. Based on the results comparison, the most suitable materials for the homemade masks production are selected.
Application of Polymeric Hollow-Fiber Membranes in Air Filtration
Bulejko, Pavel ; Dohnal, Mirko (referee) ; Friess, Karel (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
Membrány z dutých vláken jsou široce využívány v aplikacích týkajících se úpravy kapalin jako např. při čištění odpadních vod, v membránových kontaktorech a bioreaktorech, membránové destilaci apod. I když jsou často využívány při separacích směsí plynů, je jejich použití pro mechanickou filtraci aerosolů velmi vzácné. Tato práce se zabývá filtrací vzduchu pomocí polypropylenových membrán z dutých vláken včetně jejich filtrační účinnosti, tlakových ztrát a také zanášením při dlouhodobé filtraci. Filtrační účinnost byla proměřena za použití různých aerosolů jako TiO2 a síran amonný. Tlakové ztráty byly měřeny při různých konfiguracích, tj. různé filtrační ploše a průměru vlákna membrány. Zanášení membrán bylo testováno použitím normovaného prachu definovaného normou ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2. Predikční modely pro filtrační účinnost a permeabilitu/tlakovou ztrátu membrány byly aplikovány na parametry membrán z dutých vláken a porovnány. Tyto membrány mají velikost pórů kolem 90 nm a poměrně nízkou porositu a tím vysoký potenciál pro separaci nanočástic ze vzduchu. Dále byla provedena analýza filtračního koláče a vyhodnocení energetických nároků a porovnány s teoretickými modely. V závěru práce je nastíněn odhad ceny životního cyklu při filtraci pomocí těchto membrán.
Using of flow cytometry for the detection of bacterial filtration efficiency in (waste)water treatment processes
Mikula, Přemysl ; Lev, J. ; Kalhotka, L. ; Holba, Marek ; Kimmer, D. ; Maršálek, Blahoslav ; Vítězová, M.
Aim of the study was to detect filtration efficiency of several (nano)materials used for the filtration/removal of E. coli bacteria or natural bacterial communities from water samples. Filtration efficiency was evaluated by commonly used culticvation techniques as well as by flow cytometry (FCM). Although filtration efficiency of certain nanomaterials detected by cultivation was very high (>99%), it was demonstarted that sample filtration does not have to lead to significant decline of total bacterial counts measured by FCM. From this viewpoint FCM can be considered as a suitable analytical method for the assessment of wastewater treatment processess efficiency, which, compared to cultivation techniques, possess some disadvantages (difficult standardization) but also has several advantages (speed, more realistic measurement conditions).
Filtration Efficiency Measurements of a Filtering Facepiece Material as a Function of Particle Size
Ždímal, Vladimír ; Rupová, M. ; Kovářová, E. ; Zíková, Naděžda
A detailed size-dependent filtration efficiency measurements of a filtering facepiece material have been performed in this work over the range of particle mobility diameters 20-450 nm. It was not the aim of this work to repeat the standard test of the filtration halfmask according to ČSN EN 149+A1. Instead, we have focused on elaborating a procedure enabling us to assess how well the facepiece is suited for usage in working environments with elevated concentrations of aerosol nanoparticles.

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